关于自动搅拌车你需要知道的
What you need to know about automatic mixer
为了方便广大网友对混凝土搅拌车有一定的了解，方便网友查阅，特意将搅拌车的知识整理了下，许多都是来自网络与论坛，也欢迎网友们更多其他的知识通过回帖的方式补充进来。
In order to facilitate the majority of netizens to have a certain understanding of the concrete mixer and facilitate netizens' access, they specially sorted out the knowledge of the mixer, many of which came from the Internet and forums. Netizens are also welcome to add more other knowledge through replies.
一、混凝土搅拌车的定义
1、 Definition of concrete mixer truck
装备有搅拌筒和动力系统等设备，用于运输混凝土的罐式专用运输汽车。
It is a tank type special transport vehicle equipped with mixing drum, power system and other equipment for transporting concrete.
二、混凝土搅拌车的组成
2、 Composition of concrete mixer
搅拌车组成：二类底盘、传动系统、液压系统、机架、搅拌罐、进出料装置、供水系统、操纵系、人梯等部分。
Composition of mixer truck: Class II chassis, transmission system, hydraulic system, frame, mixing tank, feeding and discharging device, water supply system, control system, ladder, etc.
三、混凝土搅拌车的专用机构
3、 Special mechanism for concrete mixer
专用机构主要包括：取力器、搅拌筒前后支架、减速机、液压系统、搅拌筒、操纵机构、清洗系统等。
Special mechanisms mainly include: power takeoff, front and rear supports of mixing drum, reducer, hydraulic system, mixing drum, operating mechanism, cleaning system, etc.
取力装置：国产混凝土搅拌运输车采用主车发动机取力方式。取力装置的作用是通过操纵取力开关将发动机动力取出，经液压系统驱动搅拌筒，搅抖筒在进料和运输过程中正向旋转，以利于进料和对混凝土进行搅拌，在出料时反向旋转，在工作终结后切断与发动机的动力联接。
Power take-off device: domestic concrete mixer truck adopts the power take-off mode of main vehicle engine. The function of the power take-off device is to take out the power of the engine by operating the power take-off switch, drive the mixing drum through the hydraulic system, and the mixing drum rotates forward during feeding and transportation, so as to facilitate feeding and mixing of concrete, rotate reversely during discharging, and cut off the power connection with the engine after the end of work.
液压系统：将经取力器取出的发动机动力(现在一般都是后置全功能取力器)，转化为液压能(排量和压力)，再经马达输出为机械能(转速和扭矩)，为搅拌筒转动提供动力。
Hydraulic system: convert the engine power taken out by the power take-off (now generally rear full-function power take-off) into hydraulic energy (displacement and pressure), and then output into mechanical energy (speed and torque) through the motor to provide power for the rotation of the mixing drum.
减速机：将液压系统中马达输出的转速减速后，传给搅拌筒。
Reducer: after decelerating the speed output by the motor in the hydraulic system, it is transmitted to the mixing drum.
操纵机构：
Operating mechanism:
a．控制搅拌筒旋转方向，使之在进料和运输过程中正向旋转，出料时反向旋转。
a. Control the rotation direction of the mixing drum to make it rotate forward during feeding and transportation and reverse during discharging.
b．控制搅拌筒的转速。
b. Control the rotating speed of the mixing drum.
搅拌装置：它主要由搅拌筒及其辅助支撑部件组成。搅拌筒是混凝土的装载容器，它是由耐磨薄钢板制成，为了能够自动装、卸混凝土，其内壁焊有特殊形状的螺旋叶片。转动时混凝土沿叶片的螺旋方向运动，在不断的提升和翻动过程中受到混合和搅拌。在进料及运输过程中，搅拌筒正转，混凝土沿叶片向里运动，出料时，搅拌筒反转，混凝土沿着叶片向外卸出。
Mixing device: it is mainly composed of mixing drum and its auxiliary supporting parts. The mixing drum is a concrete loading container, which is made of wear-resistant steel sheet. In order to automatically load and unload concrete, its inner wall is welded with spiral blades of special shape. When rotating, the concrete moves along the spiral direction of the blade and is mixed and stirred in the process of continuous lifting and turning. During feeding and transportation, the mixing drum rotates forward, and the concrete moves inward along the blade. When discharging, the mixing drum reverses, and the concrete is discharged outward along the blade.
搅拌筒的转动则是靠液压驱动装置来保证。装载量为3～6立方。的混凝土搅拌运输车一般采用由汽车发动机通过动力输出轴带动液压泵，再由高压油推动液压马达驱动搅拌筒，装载量为9～12立方的则由车载辅助柴油机带动液压泵驱动液压马达。叶片是搅拌装置中的主要部件，损坏或严重磨损会导致混凝土搅拌不均匀。另外，叶片的角度如果设计不合理，还会使混凝土出现离析。
The rotation of the mixing drum is guaranteed by the hydraulic driving device. The loading capacity is 3 ~ 6 cubic meters. Generally, the truck engine drives the hydraulic pump through the power output shaft, and then the high-pressure oil drives the hydraulic motor to drive the mixing drum. For the truck with a loading capacity of 9 ~ 12 cubic meters, the on-board auxiliary diesel engine drives the hydraulic pump to drive the hydraulic motor. Blade is the main component of mixing device. Damage or serious wear will lead to uneven mixing of concrete. In addition, if the design of blade angle is unreasonable, the concrete will be separated.
清洗系统：清洗系统的主要作用是清洗搅拌筒，有时也用于运输途中进行干料搅拌。清洗系统还对液压系统起冷却作用。
Cleaning system: the main function of the cleaning system is to clean the mixing drum, and sometimes it is also used for dry material mixing during transportation. The cleaning system also cools the hydraulic system.
四、混凝土搅拌车的工作原理
4、 Working principle of concrete mixer
动力由二类底盘全功率取力器输出通过传动轴把动力传给液压泵，液压泵产生液压能通过油管传到液压马达，液压马达把液压能转化为动能并通过减速机减速增扭传递到搅拌罐，通过调节（双作用变量）液压泵的伺服手柄角度从而实现搅拌罐正反转及转速的大小，以实现砼装料、搅拌、搅动、出料等作业。
The power is output by the class II chassis full power take-off and transmitted to the hydraulic pump through the transmission shaft. The hydraulic energy generated by the hydraulic pump is transmitted to the hydraulic motor through the oil pipe. The hydraulic motor converts the hydraulic energy into kinetic energy and transmits it to the mixing tank through the reducer, By adjusting the servo handle angle of the (double acting variable) hydraulic pump, the forward and reverse rotation and speed of the mixing tank can be realized, so as to realize concrete loading, mixing, stirring, discharging and other operations.
五、混凝土搅拌车的维护和修理
5、 Maintenance and repair of concrete mixer
在日常维护方面，混凝土搅拌运输车除应按常规对汽车发动机、底盘等部位进行维护外，还需要做好以下维护工作：
In terms of daily maintenance, in addition to routine maintenance of vehicle engine, chassis and other parts, the concrete mixer truck also needs to do the following maintenance work:
清洗混凝土搅拌筒及进出料口：
Cleaning concrete mixing drum and inlet and outlet:
由于混凝土会在短时间内凝固成硬块，且对钢材和油漆有一定的腐蚀性，所以每次使用混凝土贮罐后，洗净粘附在混凝土贮罐及进出料口上的混凝土是每日维护一定要认真进行的工作。
Since the concrete will solidify into hard blocks in a short time and have certain corrosivity to steel and paint, it is necessary to clean the concrete adhered to the concrete storage tank and the inlet and outlet after each use of the concrete storage tank.
其中包括：
These include:
a．每次装料前用水冲洗进料口，使进料口在装料时保持湿润；
a. Wash the feed port with water before each loading to keep the feed port wet during loading;
b．在装料的同时向随车自带的清洗用水水箱中注满水；
b. Fill the cleaning water tank with water while loading;
c．装料后冲洗进料口，洗净进料口附近残留的混凝土；
c. Wash the inlet after loading and clean the residual concrete near the inlet;
d．到工地卸料后，冲洗出料槽，然后向混凝土贮罐内加清洗用水30—40 L；在车辆回程时保持混凝土贮罐正向慢速转动；
d. After unloading at the construction site, wash the discharge tank, and then add 30-40 l of cleaning water to the concrete storage tank; Keep the concrete storage tank rotating forward and slowly when the vehicle returns;
e．下次装料前切记放掉混凝土贮罐内的污水；
e. Remember to discharge the sewage in the concrete storage tank before the next loading;
f．每天收工时清洗混凝土贮罐及进出料口周围，保证不粘有水泥及混凝土结块。
f. Clean the concrete storage tank and around the inlet and outlet at the end of each day to ensure that there is no cement and concrete caking.
以上这些工作只要一次不认真进行，就会给以后的工作带来很大的麻烦。
As long as the above work is not carried out seriously once, it will bring great trouble to the future work.
维护驱动装置：
Maintenance drive:
驱动装置的作用是驱动混凝土贮罐转动，它由取力器、万向轴、液压泵、液压马达、操纵阀、液压油箱及冷却装置组成。
The driving device is used to drive the concrete storage tank to rotate. It is composed of power takeoff, universal shaft, hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor, control valve, hydraulic oil tank and cooling device.
如果这部分因故障停止工作，混凝土贮罐将不能转动，这会导致车内混凝土报废，严重的甚使整罐混凝土凝结在罐内，造成混凝土搅拌运输车报废。
If this part stops working due to failure, the concrete storage tank will not rotate, which will lead to the scrapping of the concrete in the vehicle, and even the whole tank of concrete will condense in the tank, resulting in the scrapping of the concrete mixing truck.
因此，驱动装置是否可靠是使用中需要高度重视的问题。为保证驱动装置完好可靠，应做好以下维护工作：
Therefore, whether the driving device is reliable or not is a problem that needs to be paid high attention in use. In order to ensure the integrity and reliability of the driving device, the following maintenance work shall be done:
a．万向转动部分是故障多发部位，应按时加注润滑脂，并经常检查磨损情况，及时修理更换。车队应有备用的万向轴总成，以保证一旦发生故障能在几十分钟内恢复工作。
a. The universal rotating part is a fault prone part, so the lubricating grease shall be filled on time, the wear shall be checked frequently, and the parts shall be repaired and replaced in time. The fleet shall have spare cardan shaft assembly to ensure that it can resume operation within tens of minutes in case of failure.
b．保证液压油清洁。混凝土搅拌运输车工作环境恶劣，一定要防止污水泥沙进入液压系统。液压油要按使用手册要求定期更换。一旦检查时发现液压油中混入水或泥沙，就要立即停机清洗液压系统、更换液压油。
b. Ensure that the hydraulic oil is clean. The working environment of concrete mixer truck is bad, so it is necessary to prevent dirty cement sand from entering the hydraulic system. The hydraulic oil shall be replaced regularly according to the requirements of the operation manual. Once water or sediment is found in the hydraulic oil during inspection, stop the machine immediately to clean the hydraulic system and replace the hydraulic oil.
c．保证液压油冷却装置有用。要定时清理液压油散热器，避免散热器被水泥堵塞，检查散热器电动风扇运转是否正常，防止液压油温度超标。液压部分只要保证液压油清洁，一般故障不多；但生产厂家不同，使用寿命则不一样。
c. Ensure that the hydraulic oil cooling device is useful. Clean the hydraulic oil radiator regularly to prevent the radiator from being blocked by cement. Check whether the electric fan of the radiator operates normally to prevent the hydraulic oil temperature from exceeding the standard. As long as the hydraulic part keeps the hydraulic oil clean, there are few general faults; However, different manufacturers have different service life.
六、混凝土搅拌车使用注意事项
6、 Precautions for use of concrete mixer
1、液压系统压力应符合使用说明书中的规定，不得随意调整。液压油的油质和油量应符合原定要求。
1. The pressure of the hydraulic system shall comply with the provisions in the operation manual and shall not be adjusted at will. The oil quality and quantity of hydraulic oil shall meet the original requirements.
2、混凝土搅拌车装料前，应先排净拌筒内残存的积水和杂物。在运输过程中要不停的转动，以防混凝土离析。混凝土搅拌运输车到达工地和卸料之前，应先使拌筒全速以14—18转/分转动1—2分钟，然后再进行反转卸料。反转之前，应使搅拌筒停稳不转。
2. Before loading the concrete mixer truck, the residual ponding and sundries in the mixing drum shall be drained first. Keep rotating during transportation to prevent concrete segregation. Before the concrete mixer truck arrives at the construction site and unloading, the mixing drum shall rotate at full speed at 14-18 rpm for 1-2 minutes, and then reverse unloading. Before reversing, the mixing drum shall be stopped stably.
3、环境温度高于+25摄氏度，从装料、运输、到卸料延续时间不得超过60分钟，环境温度低于+25摄氏度，上述时间不得超过90分钟。
3. When the ambient temperature is higher than + 25 ℃, the duration from loading, transportation and unloading shall not exceed 60 minutes. When the ambient temperature is lower than + 25 ℃, the above time shall not exceed 90 minutes.
4、冬期施工时，应切实做到：开机前检查是否结冰；下班时认真排除拌筒内及供水系统内残存积水，关闭水泵开关，将控制手柄置于“停止”位置。
4. During winter construction, it shall be ensured that: check whether it is frozen before startup; When off duty, carefully remove the residual water in the mixing drum and the water supply system, turn off the water pump switch and put the control handle in the "stop" position.
5、在施工现场卸料完毕后，应立即用搅拌车随带的软管冲洗进料斗、出料斗、卸料溜槽等处，除掉粘附在车身各处的污泥及混凝土。在返回搅拌站的途中，应向搅拌筒内注150---200L水以清洗筒壁及叶片粘结的混凝土残渣。
5. After unloading at the construction site, immediately flush the inlet hopper, outlet hopper and discharge chute with the hose attached to the mixer truck to remove the sludge and concrete adhered to the vehicle body. On the way back to the mixing plant, 150-200l water shall be injected into the mixing drum to clean the concrete residue bonded to the drum wall and blades.
6、每天工作结束后，司机应负责向搅拌筒内注入清水并高速（14—18转/分）旋转5—10分钟，然后将水排去，以保证筒内清洁。用高压水清洗搅拌筒各个部分时，应注意避开仪表及操纵杆等部位。压力水喷嘴与车身油漆表面间的距离不得小于40厘米。
6. At the end of each day's work, the driver shall be responsible for injecting clean water into the mixing drum and rotating it at high speed (14-18 RPM) for 5-10 minutes, and then drain the water to ensure the cleanness of the drum. When cleaning all parts of the mixing drum with high-pressure water, pay attention to avoid instruments, control rods and other parts. The distance between the pressure water nozzle and the paint surface of the vehicle body shall not be less than 40 cm.
7、除掉搅拌筒内外积污及残存的混凝土渣块时，以及在机修人员进入筒内进行检修和焊补作业时，需先关闭汽车发动机，使搅拌筒完全停止转动。在机修人员进入筒内工作期间，需要保证拌筒内通风良好，空气新鲜，无可然气体及有害灰尘，氧气供应充足（不得使用纯氧）。在筒内使用电动工具操作时，操作人员需要有良好的绝缘保护。
7. When removing the accumulated dirt and residual concrete slag inside and outside the mixing drum, and when the mechanical maintenance personnel enter the drum for maintenance and welding repair, it is necessary to turn off the automobile engine first to stop the mixing drum completely. During the period when the mechanical maintenance personnel enter the drum for work, it is necessary to ensure that the mixing drum has good ventilation, fresh air, no combustible gas and harmful dust, and sufficient oxygen supply (pure oxygen is not allowed). When using electric tools in the drum, the operators need to have good insulation protection.
8、工作时，不得将手伸入旋转的搅拌筒内，严禁将手伸入主卸料溜槽和加长卸料溜槽的连接部位，以免发生事故。
8. During operation, do not put your hand into the rotating mixing drum, and do not put your hand into the connection between the main discharge chute and the extended discharge chute, so as to avoid accidents.
9、应定期检查搅拌叶片磨损情况并及时进行修补和更换。
9. The wear of mixing blades shall be checked regularly and repaired and replaced in time.
10、贯彻各项有关操作规范。混凝土搅拌运输车司机需要经过培训，无合格证者不得上岗操作。
10. Implement relevant operation specifications. The driver of concrete mixer truck needs to be trained and shall not work without certificate.
七、如何选择混凝土搅拌车
7、 How to select concrete mixer
，问一下：您买来搅拌车后是按拖多少方拿工资还是包月给工资呢？
First of all, let's ask: after you buy a mixer, do you get paid according to how much you drag a day or on a monthly basis?
如果是按方拿钱，那么可以建议您买罐体容积大一点的搅拌车，像12立方和14立方的。如果您是工程上给按月结工资的话，就没必要买那么大容积的，买个10的就可以了，毕竟12方和14方的会贵上很多。
If you take the money according to the square, it is recommended that you buy a mixer with a larger tank volume, such as 12 cubic meters and 14 cubic meters. If you pay monthly for the project, you don't need to buy a large volume. Just buy a 10. After all, 12 and 14 will be much more expensive.
然后，问一下：您经常跑的地区路面情况怎么样？
Then, ask: how is the road condition in the area you often run?
这个路面情况直接关系您购买时的后桥选择。如果您跑的路面那边很平坦，一般都是走的公路，那么可以选择单级减速桥。但如果您跑的路面情况不是特别好，有很多坑洼石头路还有很多坡道那样的，那么就选择轮边减速桥比较好：
This road condition is directly related to your choice of rear axle when purchasing. If you run on a flat road, usually on a highway, you can choose a single-stage deceleration bridge. However, if the road condition is not particularly good, there are many potholes, stone roads and many ramps, it is better to choose the wheel side deceleration bridge:
一，车子的扭矩大些，适合爬坡；
1、 The torque of the car is higher, which is suitable for climbing;
二，轮边减速桥要比单级减速桥小，与地面的间隙就大，这样车子的通过性强一些。
2、 The wheel side reduction axle is smaller than the single-stage reduction axle, and the gap between the wheel side reduction axle and the ground is large, so the trafficability of the car is stronger.
三，问一下：您想买多大容积的？还有多少马力的？
3、 Q: what size do you want? How much horsepower is there?
现在的搅拌车基本上都是10、12、14方的。确定好容积，再根据容积选择马力。
Today's mixer trucks are basically 10, 12 and 14 square. Determine the volume, and then select the horsepower according to the volume.
10方和12方的用的是336马力的，6×4的搅拌车；14方的用的是375马力的，8×4的搅拌车。提醒一点罐体太大的话容易稀浆，那就费了。
The 10 square and 12 square use 336 horsepower, 6 × 4 mixer truck; The 14 square uses 375 horsepower, 8 × 4 mixer truck. Remind me that if the tank is too large, it is easy to slurry, which will cost a lot of money.
四，问一下：您想选择尼龙胎还是钢丝胎？
4、 Q: do you want to choose nylon tire or steel tire?
这两种轮胎当然是钢丝胎好！钢丝胎的寿命是尼龙胎的2倍，也比尼龙胎贵好多。但我说这个问题是因为有的车是原厂配的钢丝胎，有的是尼龙胎。顾客在买的时候要先问好这款车是原厂配的钢丝胎还是尼龙胎。防止被骗得花了钢丝胎的钱却买了尼龙胎的车。
Of course, these two kinds of tires are steel tires. Good! The service life of steel tire is twice that of nylon tire, and the price is much more expensive than nylon tire. But I say this problem is because some cars have steel wire tires and some have nylon tires. When buying the car, the customer should first ask whether the car is the original steel tire or nylon tire. To prevent being cheated into buying a nylon car with steel tires.
五，问一下：您知道选择搅拌车重要的是要考虑三大件么？
5、 Q: do you know that the important thing in choosing a mixer is to consider three major pieces?
这三大件分别是：液压马达、液压泵和减速器。这三大件进口的是好的。德国的居首，其次是意大利和美国。这三大件直接关系到您的车子的性能。在和厂家询问的时候，一定要问清这三大件分别是什么牌子的。
The three major parts are: hydraulic motor, hydraulic pump and reducer. These three large imported parts are good. Germany came first, followed by Italy and the United States. These three major parts are directly related to the performance of your car. When asking the manufacturer, be sure to ask what brand these three pieces are respectively.
六，问一下：关于搅拌罐体的质量怎么判断？
6、 Q: how to judge the quality of the mixing tank?
搅拌车罐体的质量主要指它罐体的厚度。现在一般都是5mm厚的锰板，即你问厂家这个罐体多厚，他说5个厚的锰板那就对了。低于这个数的都可以不用考虑了。
The mass of mixer tank mainly refers to its thickness. Now it is generally 5mm thick manganese plate, that is, when you ask the manufacturer how thick the tank is, he said five thick manganese plates, that's right. Anything below this number can be ignored.
综合考虑了这7个问题应该车子就差不多确定了。在上面我没有说变速箱的问题，因为变速箱一般用的是陕齿9档、法士特9档，重汽豪沃用的是重汽10档的变速箱，这些变速箱都差不多，质量都非常不错。
After considering these seven issues, the car should be almost certain. I didn't mention the problem of the gearbox above, because the gearbox generally uses Shaanxi gear 9 and fast gear 9, and heavy truck HOWO uses heavy truck gear 10. These gearboxes are similar and the quality is very good.
400-879-1999
点击拨打服务热线：400-879-1999
2022-01-17
公司地址：山东省莱州市206国道与308省道交叉口东南50米
山东山汽工程机械（集团）有限公司
备案号：
