小型混凝土搅拌车的十大错误保养误区_常见问题_自动混凝土搅拌机_自动混凝土搅拌车厂家

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联系人：刘老师

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公司：山东山汽工程机械（集团）有限公司

地址：山东省莱州市206国道与308省道交叉口东南50米

小型混凝土搅拌车的十大错误保养误区

所属分类：常见问题发布时间：2022-02-11 来源：http://www.sqjituan.cn/ 浏览量：0

自动混凝土搅拌机在建筑工程行业发挥的作用相信不用小编说大家应该也了解的七七八八，对于自动混凝土搅拌机的维护保养工作也是要做到的，但是，很多客户在维护保养时候却进入了误区，导致自动混凝土搅拌机的寿命大大缩减，今天，自上料混凝土搅拌车厂家就给大家介绍下自动混凝土搅拌机的保养误区，希望大家能够避开。

The role of automatic concrete mixer in the construction industry. I believe it's not necessary to say that we should also understand the 7788. We also need to do the maintenance of automatic concrete mixer. However, many customers have entered a misunderstanding during maintenance, resulting in the greatly reduced service life of automatic concrete mixer. Today, Since the loading of concrete mixer, the manufacturer has introduced the maintenance misunderstanding of automatic concrete mixer to you. I hope you can avoid it.

1、忌机油只加不换

1. Avoid adding oil without changing it

机油在柴油机的使用中是必不可少的，主要起润滑、清洁等作用。因此，很多驾驶员都会注意检查润滑油的油量，并按标准添加，但是却忽视了润滑油质量的检查和对已经变质机油的更换，导致一些发动机的运动机件总是在较差的润滑环境中运转，从而加速各机件的磨损。在正常情况下机油的损耗并不大，但是却很容易污染，从而失去保护柴油机的作用。在柴油机运转过程中，许多污物(燃油不完全燃烧生成的碳烟、积炭和积垢等)都会进入到机油中。对于新的或大修后的机械，试运转之后杂质会更多，如果只加不换就急于投入使用，很容易引起烧瓦、抱轴等意外事故。另外，即使更换机油，某些驾驶员由于缺乏维修经验或者图省事，也会在更换时不完全清洗油道，使机械杂质仍然残留在油底壳及油路中。

Engine oil is essential in the use of diesel engine, which mainly plays the role of lubrication and cleaning. Therefore, many drivers pay attention to check the oil quantity of lubricating oil and add it according to the standard, but ignore the inspection of lubricating oil quality and the replacement of deteriorated oil, resulting in some moving parts of the engine always running in a poor lubrication environment, so as to accelerate the wear of various parts. Under normal circumstances, the loss of engine oil is not large, but it is easy to pollute, thus losing the role of protecting the diesel engine. During the operation of the diesel engine, many pollutants (soot, carbon and dirt generated by incomplete combustion of fuel) will enter the engine oil. For new or overhauled machinery, there will be more impurities after test run. If it is only added but not replaced, it is eager to be put into use, which is easy to cause accidents such as tile burning and shaft holding. In addition, even if the engine oil is changed, some drivers will not completely clean the oil passage during the replacement due to lack of maintenance experience or easy work, so that mechanical impurities remain in the oil pan and oil circuit.

2、忌黄油乱用乱涂

2. Do not use butter indiscriminately

黄油是工程机械修理中常用的润滑脂，可起到润滑和密封的作用。因此，有些修理工在安装汽缸垫时，就会在汽缸垫上涂上一层黄油，认为这样可以增加柴油机的密封性。但这样做反而影响了柴油机的工作性能。汽缸垫是柴油机缸体与缸盖之间重要的密封件，它不但能密封汽缸内所产生的高温高压气体，而且还能密封汽缸盖和缸体内的水和润滑油，所以在拆装汽缸垫时，都要特别注意它的密封质量。如果安装时在汽缸垫上涂黄油，当汽缸盖螺栓拧紧时，一部分黄油就会被挤压到汽缸水道和油道中，留在缸垫间的黄油在汽缸工作时，由于受高温影响，一部分会流入汽缸燃烧，另一部分则残留在缸体与缸盖的结合面上，使缸垫、缸盖与机体平面之间产生空隙，高温高压燃气很容易从此处冲击汽缸垫，毁坏缸垫，造成漏气。另外就是轮胎螺母黄油，因为轮胎螺母拧紧后，螺纹间就具有自锁的特征。这是由于螺纹螺旋角小于螺纹间的当量摩擦角的缘故。给定的螺栓联接中，螺旋升角是一定值，而当量摩擦角则随螺纹间的摩擦状态而变。显然，涂油后螺纹间的当量摩擦角减小，螺栓联接的自锁性能变差。因此在轮胎的螺栓和螺母上不要涂润滑脂或滴上润滑油。这样做，反而会使螺母松动，甚酿成事故。

Butter is a commonly used grease in the repair of construction machinery, which can play the role of lubrication and sealing. Therefore, when installing the cylinder gasket, some repairmen will apply a layer of butter on the cylinder gasket, believing that this can increase the tightness of the diesel engine. However, this will affect the working performance of the diesel engine. Cylinder gasket is an important seal between diesel engine cylinder block and cylinder head. It can not only seal the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated in the cylinder, but also seal the water and lubricating oil in the cylinder head and cylinder body. Therefore, special attention should be paid to its sealing quality when disassembling the cylinder gasket. If the cylinder gasket is coated with butter during installation, when the cylinder head bolts are tightened, part of the butter will be squeezed into the cylinder water channel and oil channel. When the cylinder is working, due to the influence of high temperature, part of the butter left between the cylinder gasket will flow into the cylinder for combustion, and the other part will remain on the joint surface between the cylinder block and the cylinder head, resulting in a gap between the cylinder gasket, the cylinder head and the plane of the engine body, High temperature and high pressure gas can easily impact the cylinder gasket from here, destroy the cylinder gasket and cause air leakage. The other is the tire nut butter, because after the tire nut is tightened, the threads have the feature of self-locking. This is because the helix angle of the thread is less than the equivalent friction angle between the threads. In a given bolt connection, the spiral rise angle is a certain value, and the equivalent friction angle changes with the friction state between threads. Obviously, the equivalent friction angle between threads decreases after oiling, and the self-locking performance of bolt connection becomes worse. Therefore, do not apply grease or drop lubricating oil on the bolts and nuts of the tire. Doing so will loosen the nut and even cause accidents.

3、忌缸套和活塞新品不经选配即安装

3. Do not install new cylinder liners and pistons without selection

在换装汽缸套和活塞时，认为新的汽缸套和活塞都是标准件，都具有互换性，装上去就可以使用了。实际上，汽缸套与活塞的尺寸都有一定的公差范围。如把大尺寸的汽缸套配上小尺寸的活塞，会使配合间隙过大，造成压缩无力，启动困难。因此，换装时须检查标准缸套与活塞的尺寸分组代号，装用的缸套和活塞须使标准活塞的尺寸分组代号与标准缸套的尺寸分组代号相同，只有这样才能保证两者之间具有标准的配合间隙。另外，各缸装用同一分组代号的缸套和活塞的同时，还要注意装前检验缸塞间隙，为了保证装配标准，在装机前还应进行一次检测，以防装上假冒伪劣的残次产品。

When replacing the cylinder liner and piston, it is considered that the new cylinder liner and piston are standard parts and interchangeable, so they can be used after being installed. In fact, the dimensions of cylinder liner and piston have a certain tolerance range. If the large-size cylinder liner is matched with the small-size piston, the matching clearance will be too large, resulting in weak compression and difficult starting. Therefore, the size grouping code of standard cylinder liner and piston must be checked during replacement. The installed cylinder liner and piston must make the size grouping code of standard piston the same as that of standard cylinder liner. Only in this way can we ensure that there is a standard fit clearance between them. In addition, while installing cylinder liners and pistons with the same group code, pay attention to the inspection of cylinder plug clearance before installation. In order to ensure the assembly standard, a test should be carried out before installation to prevent the installation of fake and inferior defective products.

4、忌不检查柱塞行程余量

4. Do not check the plunger stroke allowance

在柱塞式喷油泵的调试中，很多的维修人员不注意检查柱塞的行程余量。所谓柱塞的行程余量，是指柱塞被凸轮轴上的凸轮顶上止点后，还能继续上行的移动量。调好供油开始时间后，之所以还要检查行程余量，是因为柱塞的行程余量与柱塞、套筒的磨损有关。柱塞与套筒磨损后，柱塞要往上多运动一段才能开始供油，从而使供油开始时间推迟。当拧出调整螺栓或换用较厚的调整垫块、垫片后，柱塞的较低位置上移，使柱塞的行程余量减小。所以，在维修调试喷油泵时，应检查此行程余量，以判定喷油泵是否还允许调整。检查时，应根据喷油泵的不同结构采用下述不同方法：a)转动凸轮轴，将柱塞顶上止点后，拆下出油阀及阀座，用游标尺测量。

In the commissioning of plunger fuel injection pump, many maintenance personnel do not pay attention to checking the stroke allowance of plunger. The so-called stroke margin of the plunger refers to the amount of upward movement of the plunger after it is pushed to the top dead center by the cam on the camshaft. After adjusting the oil supply start time, the reason why the travel allowance should be checked is that the travel allowance of the plunger is related to the wear of the plunger and sleeve. After the plunger and sleeve are worn, the plunger needs to move upward for a long time to start oil supply, which delays the start time of oil supply. When the adjusting bolt is screwed out or the thicker adjusting cushion block and gasket are replaced, the lower position of the plunger moves upward to reduce the stroke allowance of the plunger. Therefore, when maintaining and debugging the fuel injection pump, first check the stroke allowance to determine whether the fuel injection pump is still allowed to be adjusted. During the inspection, the following different methods shall be adopted according to the different structures of the fuel injection pump: a) rotate the camshaft, push the plunger to the top dead center, remove the oil outlet valve and valve seat, and measure with a vernier ruler.

5、忌汽缸间隙测量不准

5. Avoid inaccurate measurement of cylinder clearance

在测量汽缸间隙时，未能在活塞裙部垂直于活塞销孔的方向测量，而在其它方向测量。铝合金活塞的结构特点是上小下大，为一锥体，且局部断面为椭圆形，所以沿圆周方向的气缸间隙并不相等。测量时，规定以椭圆长轴方向的间隙为准，即测量活塞裙部垂直于活塞销孔方向的间隙。这样测量比较方便、准确，而且在往复运动中，活塞裙部垂直于活塞销孔的方向因受侧向压力的作用而磨损较大，所以，测量汽缸间隙时，应在活塞裙部垂直于活塞销孔的方向测量。

When measuring the cylinder clearance, it cannot be measured in the direction that the piston skirt is perpendicular to the piston pin hole, but in other directions. The structural feature of aluminum alloy piston is that the upper part is small and the lower part is large. It is a cone, and the local section is oval, so the cylinder clearance along the circumferential direction is not equal. When measuring, the clearance in the direction of the long axis of the ellipse shall prevail, that is, the clearance of the piston skirt perpendicular to the piston pin hole shall be measured. This measurement is more convenient and accurate, and in the reciprocating motion, the direction of the piston skirt perpendicular to the piston pin hole is greatly worn due to the action of lateral pressure. Therefore, when measuring the cylinder clearance, it should be measured in the direction of the piston skirt perpendicular to the piston pin hole.

6、忌活塞明火加温

6. Do not heat the piston with open fire

由于活塞与活塞销是过盈配合，所以在安装活塞销时，应先使活塞受热膨胀，这时，有些维修人员就会将活塞放在明火上直接加热，这样的做法是非常错误的，因为活塞各部位薄厚不均，热胀冷缩程度就会不一样，明火加热会使活塞受热不均，容易引起变形；活塞表面还会附着炭灰，降低活塞的使用寿命。如果活塞达到一定温度后自然冷掉，其组织会遭到损坏并使耐磨性能大大降低，其使用寿命也会明显缩短。在安装活塞销时，可将活塞放在热油中均匀加热使其缓慢膨胀，切不可用明火直接加温。

Due to the interference fit between the piston and the piston pin, when installing the piston pin, the piston should be heated and expanded first. At this time, some maintenance personnel will directly heat the piston on an open fire, which is very wrong, because the thickness of each part of the piston is uneven, the degree of thermal expansion and cold contraction will be different, and the open fire heating will cause uneven heating of the piston, which is easy to cause deformation; Carbon ash will also be attached to the piston surface, reducing the service life of the piston. If the piston cools down naturally after reaching a certain temperature, its structure will be damaged and its wear resistance will be greatly reduced, and its service life will be significantly shortened. When installing the piston pin, heat the piston evenly in hot oil to make it expand slowly. Do not heat it directly with open fire.

7、忌用砂布打磨轴瓦

7. Do not polish the bearing bush with abrasive cloth

对于一些经验不足的修理工来说，轴瓦是一项难度较高的工作，由于刮瓦技术很难掌握，所以轴瓦就不易达到技术要求，为此，有人在更换轴瓦时，为加大轴瓦与曲轴的接触面积，就用砂布打磨以代替刮瓦。这种方法在实际维修中是非常不可取的，因为砂布上的磨粒较硬，而轴瓦材质较软，这样在打磨时砂粒很容易嵌入合金内，柴油机工作时会加速轴颈的磨损，缩短曲轴的使用寿命。

For some inexperienced repairmen, the bearing bush is a difficult job. Because it is difficult to master the scraping technology, it is difficult for the bearing bush to meet the technical requirements. Therefore, when replacing the bearing bush, someone polished it with emery cloth to increase the contact area between the bearing bush and the crankshaft. This method is very undesirable in actual maintenance, because the abrasive particles on the abrasive cloth are hard and the bearing bush material is soft, so the sand particles can easily be embedded into the alloy during grinding, which will accelerate the wear of the journal and shorten the service life of the crankshaft when the diesel engine is working.

8、忌螺栓拧得太紧

8. Do not tighten the bolts too tightly

工程机械在拆装过程中，很多部位的螺栓都是有规定转矩要求的，比如传动箱、汽缸盖、轮胎、连杆和前桥等部位，拧紧力矩在说明书中都有专门规定，切不可随意改变。但是很多使用人员都误认为紧一些会更好，但是拧得太紧会造成螺钉或螺栓折断，也可能由于螺纹或螺母滑扣而引起故障。

During the disassembly and assembly of construction machinery, the bolts in many parts have specified torque requirements, such as transmission box, cylinder head, tire, connecting rod and front axle. The tightening torque is specially specified in the manual and must not be changed at will. However, many users mistakenly believe that tightening a little will be better, but tightening too tightly will break the screw or bolt, and may also cause failure due to thread or nut sliding.

9、忌轮胎气压太高

9. Avoid too high tire pressure

轮式工程机械的轮胎充气压力是决定其使用寿命和工作效率的重要因素。轮胎气压过高或过低都会影响其使用寿命，同时也不利于行车，尤其是在炎热的夏季。科学的充气标准应该是：以轮胎的标准气压为基准，随着气温的变化，对轮胎气压略有调整才对。例如：夏季应比冬季低百分之五到百分之七，因考虑到夏季气温高，气体受热，压力大，相反冬季须达到标准气压或略高一点。

Tire inflation pressure of Wheeled Construction machinery is an important factor to determine its service life and work efficiency. Too high or too low tire pressure will affect its service life and is not conducive to driving, especially in hot summer. The scientific inflation standard should be: take the standard tire pressure as the benchmark, and adjust the tire pressure slightly with the change of temperature. For example, the temperature in summer should be 5% to 7% lower than that in winter. Considering the high temperature in summer, the gas is heated and the pressure is high, on the contrary, the standard pressure must be reached or slightly higher in winter.

10、忌水箱开锅骤加冷水

10. Do not add cold water when the water tank is boiling

发动机超负荷作业、散热不好或水箱缺水都会造成水箱开锅，此时如果立刻加入冷水，就会因为热胀冷缩导致缸盖和缸体炸裂。因此，使用中一旦发现水箱开锅，应采取应急措施停止作业，使柴油机水自行降温。

Overload operation of the engine, poor heat dissipation or lack of water in the water tank will cause the water tank to boil. At this time, if cold water is added immediately, the cylinder head and cylinder block will burst due to thermal expansion and cold contraction. If the water tank is found to be in use, take emergency measures to cool the diesel engine by itself. Therefore, once the water tank is found to be in use, stop the emergency operation.

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